Welcome to the Learn page! Below you will find a variety of resources to learn more about the history of Indigenous enslavement, as well as contemporary perspectives on the issue.
Information about Stolen Relations
Brief Overview of Indigenous Enslavement
Brief Overview of Indigenous EnslavementBrief Overview of Indigenous Enslavement
Brief Overview of Indigenous Enslavement
Brief Overview of Indigenous EnslavementBrief Overview of Indigenous Enslavement
Stories from the Archives
Will [Williams] (Providence, Rhode Island, 1637)
Will [Williams] (Providence, Rhode Island, 1637)Will [Williams] (Providence, Rhode Island, 1637)
Patience Boston (Maine, 1738)
Patience Boston (Maine, 1738)Patience Boston (Maine, 1738)
George Fortman (Evansville, Indiana, 1936)
George Fortman (Evansville, Indiana, 1936)George Fortman (Evansville, Indiana, 1936)
Rachel and Dido (Montville, Connecticut, 1720)
Rachel and Dido (Montville, Connecticut, 1720)Rachel and Dido (Montville, Connecticut, 1720)
Dick (Long Island, New York, 1722)
Dick (Long Island, New York, 1722)Dick (Long Island, New York, 1722)
Jacob (Westchester County, New York, 1757)
Jacob (Westchester County, New York, 1757)Jacob (Westchester County, New York, 1757)
Betsy (Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana, 1812)
Betsy (Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana, 1812)Betsy (Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana, 1812)
Wawaus, alias James Printer (Boston, 1670s)
Wawaus, alias James Printer (Boston, 1670s)Wawaus, alias James Printer (Boston, 1670s)
Sarah John (Berwick, Maine, 1750)
Sarah John (Berwick, Maine, 1750)Sarah John (Berwick, Maine, 1750)
Indigenous voices
Introduction and the Importance of Indigenous Enslavement to Her Community
Introduction and the Importance of Indigenous Enslavement to Her CommunityIntroduction and the Importance of Indigenous Enslavement to Her Community
Introduction to Patricia Rocker and Her Family’s History
Introduction to Patricia Rocker and Her Family’s HistoryIntroduction to Patricia Rocker and Her Family’s History
Introduction to Paula Peters and the Mashpee Wampanoag
Introduction to Paula Peters and the Mashpee WampanoagIntroduction to Paula Peters and the Mashpee Wampanoag
Loren’s Work to Uncover and Share Indigenous Stories
Loren’s Work to Uncover and Share Indigenous StoriesLoren’s Work to Uncover and Share Indigenous Stories
The Resilience of Indigenous People
The Resilience of Indigenous PeopleThe Resilience of Indigenous People
Community Continuation and Strengthening
Community Continuation and StrengtheningCommunity Continuation and Strengthening
Education and the Path Towards Truth and Reconciliation
Education and the Path Towards Truth and ReconciliationEducation and the Path Towards Truth and Reconciliation
Ways to Bring Stories of Indigenous Slavery Out of the Margins
Ways to Bring Stories of Indigenous Slavery Out of the MarginsWays to Bring Stories of Indigenous Slavery Out of the Margins
Supporting Indigenous Perspectives
Supporting Indigenous PerspectivesSupporting Indigenous Perspectives
Videos related to Indigenous slavery history
Did Europeans Enslave Native Americans?
Did Europeans Enslave Native Americans?Did Europeans Enslave Native Americans?
PBS, 2020
Native American Slavery in New England
Native American Slavery in New EnglandNative American Slavery in New England
Margaret Newell, The Ohio State University, 2022
Native American Slavery in Spanish Colonies
Native American Slavery in Spanish ColoniesNative American Slavery in Spanish Colonies
Andrés Reséndez, University of California – Davis, 2022
Ethical Considerations Regarding Sharing Stories of Enslavement
Ethical Considerations Regarding Sharing Stories of EnslavementEthical Considerations Regarding Sharing Stories of Enslavement
Linford Fisher and Lydia Curliss, American Philosophical Society conference, 2022
Indian Slavery: An Unspoken History
Indian Slavery: An Unspoken HistoryIndian Slavery: An Unspoken History
Panel discussion at Brown University, 2016
"American Indian Slave Trade in the Colonial South"
“American Indian Slave Trade in the Colonial South”"American Indian Slave Trade in the Colonial South"
Tyler Boulware, West Virginia University, 2022
Suggested reading
Perspective: The Other Slavery, Andrés Reséndez
Perspective: The Other Slavery, Andrés ReséndezPerspective: The Other Slavery, Andrés Reséndez
America's Other Original Sin
America’s Other Original SinAmerica's Other Original Sin
Rebecca Onion, Slate, 2016
Colonial enslavement of Native Americans included those who surrendered, too
Colonial enslavement of Native Americans included those who surrendered, tooColonial enslavement of Native Americans included those who surrendered, too
Brown University news service
What Slavery Looked like in the West
What Slavery Looked like in the WestWhat Slavery Looked like in the West
The Atlantic, 2021
Perspective: The Other Slavery, Andrés Reséndez
Perspective: The Other Slavery, Andrés ReséndezPerspective: The Other Slavery, Andrés Reséndez
America's Other Original Sin
America’s Other Original SinAmerica's Other Original Sin
Rebecca Onion, Slate, 2016
Colonial enslavement of Native Americans included those who surrendered, too
Colonial enslavement of Native Americans included those who surrendered, tooColonial enslavement of Native Americans included those who surrendered, too
Brown University news service
What Slavery Looked like in the West
What Slavery Looked like in the WestWhat Slavery Looked like in the West
The Atlantic, 2021
Podcasts and Radio
An American Secret: The Untold Story of Native American Enslavement
An American Secret: The Untold Story of Native American EnslavementAn American Secret: The Untold Story of Native American Enslavement
Hidden Brain, 2017
Native American Slavery
Native American SlaveryNative American Slavery
First Voices Radio, 2022
Indigenous Enslavement: Part 1
Indigenous Enslavement: Part 1Indigenous Enslavement: Part 1
SPLC, Learning for Justice
An American Secret: The Untold Story of Native American Enslavement
An American Secret: The Untold Story of Native American EnslavementAn American Secret: The Untold Story of Native American Enslavement
Hidden Brain, 2017
Native American Slavery
Native American SlaveryNative American Slavery
First Voices Radio, 2022
Indigenous Enslavement: Part 1
Indigenous Enslavement: Part 1Indigenous Enslavement: Part 1
SPLC, Learning for Justice